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The auditor uses assertions in assessing risks by considering potential misstatements that may occur, and thereby designing audit procedures that are responsive to the particular risks. Assertions used by the auditor fall into the following categories: (a) Assertions about classes of transactions and events for the period ended: Occurrence
These assertions are relevant to auditors performing a financial statement audit in two ways. First, the objective of a financial statement audit is to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence to conclude on whether the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of a company and the results of its ...
Audit Effect Indirect Some entity-level controls have an indirect effect on the chances of detecting or preventing a misstatement on a timely basis. They do not directly relate to risks at the financial statement assertion level. Affect control selection, and the nature, timing, and extent of the procedures performed. Monitoring
In the control testing stage, audit evidence is used by the auditor to consider the mix of audit test of controls and audit substantive tests. [9] In the substantive testing stage, audit evidence is defined as the information that the auditor needs to support the appropriation of financial statement assertions. [ 10 ]
Audit working papers are the property of the auditor. In order to keep professional ethic , it cannot reveal to third parties without client consent unless limited specified situations mentioned in ISA 230 Documentation and required by law , the examples are court order , for public interest and so on.
Internal control, as defined by accounting and auditing, is a process for assuring of an organization's objectives in operational effectiveness and efficiency, reliable financial reporting, and compliance with laws, regulations and policies. A broad concept, internal control involves everything that controls risks to an organization.
In the United States, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board develops standards (Auditing Standards or AS) for publicly traded companies since the 2002 passage of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act; however, it adopted many of the GAAS initially. The GAAS continues to apply to non-public/private companies.
SAS 99 defines fraud as an intentional act that results in a material misstatement in financial statements. There are two types of fraud considered: misstatements arising from fraudulent financial reporting (e.g. falsification of accounting records) and misstatements arising from misappropriation of assets (e.g. theft of assets or fraudulent expenditures).