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Fluid replacement or fluid resuscitation is the medical practice of replenishing bodily fluid lost through sweating, bleeding, fluid shifts or other pathologic processes. . Fluids can be replaced with oral rehydration therapy (drinking), intravenous therapy, rectally such as with a Murphy drip, or by hypodermoclysis, the direct injection of fluid into the subcutaneous tis
People with type 1 diabetes mellitus who must take insulin in full replacement doses are most vulnerable to episodes of hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels). This can occur if a person takes too much insulin or diabetic medication, does strenuous exercise without eating additional food, misses meals, consumes too much alcohol, or consumes alcohol without food. [5]
Dehydration can occur as a result of diarrhea, vomiting, water scarcity, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. Management of dehydration (or rehydration) seeks to reverse dehydration by replenishing the lost water and electrolytes. Water and electrolytes can be given through a number of routes, including oral, intravenous, and rectal.
Occasionally it may occur in those without a prior history of diabetes or those with diabetes mellitus type 1. [3] [4] Triggers include infections, stroke, trauma, certain medications, and heart attacks. [4] Other risk factors: Lack of sufficient insulin (but enough to prevent ketosis) [6] Poor kidney function [6] Poor fluid intake (dehydration ...
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People are told to fast for 8 hours before drawing the labs so that the provider can see the fasting glucose level. [2] The normal level for fasting blood sugar in non-diabetic patients is 70 to 99 mg/dL (3.9 and 5.5 mmol/L). Another useful test that has usually done in a laboratory is the measurement of blood HbA1c (hemoglobin A1c) levels.
In physiology, dehydration is a lack of total body water that disrupts metabolic processes. [3] It occurs when free water loss exceeds free water intake. This is usually due to excessive sweating, disease, or a lack of access to water. Mild dehydration can also be caused by immersion diuresis, which may increase risk of decompression sickness ...
Feeding should usually resume within 2–3 hours after starting rehydration and should continue every 2–3 hours, day and night. For an initial cereal diet before a child regains his or her full appetite, the WHO recommends combining 25 grams skimmed milk powder, 20 grams vegetable oil, 60 grams sugar, and 60 grams rice powder or other cereal ...