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There is evidence that 3.45-billion-year-old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods and treat sewage , and to produce fuel , enzymes , and other bioactive compounds .
Canning involves cooking food, sealing it in sterilized cans or jars, and boiling the containers to kill or weaken any remaining bacteria as a form of sterilization. It was invented by the French confectioner Nicolas Appert. [4] By 1806, this process was used by the French Navy to preserve meat, fruit, vegetables, and even milk.
Food microbiology is the study of the microorganisms that inhabit, create, or contaminate food.This includes the study of microorganisms causing food spoilage; pathogens that may cause disease (especially if food is improperly cooked or stored); microbes used to produce fermented foods such as cheese, yogurt, bread, beer, and wine; and microbes with other useful roles, such as producing ...
Food safety experts suggest that people cook beef to 160 degrees in order to kill all bacteria that can potentially cause illness. It is also important to keep raw meat away from other foods to ...
Pasteurized milk in Japan A 1912 Chicago Department of Health poster explains household pasteurization to mothers.. In food processing, pasteurization (also pasteurisation) is a process of food preservation in which packaged foods (e.g., milk and fruit juices) are treated with mild heat, usually to less than 100 °C (212 °F), to eliminate pathogens and extend shelf life.
The kinds of bacteria that cause food poisoning do not affect the look, smell, or taste of food. To be safe, FoodSafety.gov's Storage Times chart . 8) Once food has been cooked, all the bacteria ...
The decomposition of food, either plant or animal, called spoilage in this context, is an important field of study within food science. Food decomposition can be slowed down by conservation. The spoilage of meat occurs, if the meat is untreated, in a matter of hours or days and results in the meat becoming unappetizing, poisonous or infectious.
Nitrates and nitrites extend shelf life, [citation needed] help kill bacteria, produce a characteristic flavor and give meat a pink or red color. [16] Nitrite (NO − 2) is generally supplied by sodium nitrite or (indirectly) by potassium nitrate. Nitrite salts are most often used to accelerate curing and impart a pink colour. [17]