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Tetramethylammonium chloride is a major industrial chemical, being used widely as a chemical reagent [1] and also as a low-residue bactericide in such processes as hydrofracking. [2] In the laboratory, it has fewer synthetic chemical applications than quaternary ammonium salts containing longer N-alkyl substituents, which are used extensively ...
Quaternary ammonium cation. The R groups may be the same or different alkyl or aryl groups. Also, the R groups may be connected. In organic chemistry, quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively-charged polyatomic ions of the structure [NR 4] +, where R is an alkyl group, an aryl group [1] or organyl group.
In the toxicological literature, naturally occurring tetramethylammonium (anion unspecified) is often referred to by the name "tetramine". Unfortunately, this non-systematic or "trivial" name is also used for other chemical entities, including a toxic rodenticide (Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine).
Illustrative is the preparation of tetramethylammonium fluoride: [6] NMe 4 + OH − + HF → NMe 4 + F − + H 2 O. Solutions of TMAH may be used to make other tetramethylammonium salts in metathesis reactions with ammonium (NH 4 +) salts. For example, tetramethylammonium thiocyanate may be prepared from ammonium thiocyanate as follows: [7]
In oxychlorination, hydrogen chloride instead of the more expensive chlorine is used for the same purpose: CH 2 =CH 2 + 2 HCl + 1 ⁄ 2 O 2 → ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl + H 2 O. Secondary and tertiary alcohols react with hydrogen chloride to give the corresponding chlorides. In the laboratory, the related reaction involving zinc chloride in concentrated ...
Biomethylation is the pathway for converting some heavy elements into more mobile or more lethal derivatives that can enter the food chain. The biomethylation of arsenic compounds starts with the formation of methanearsonates. Thus, trivalent inorganic arsenic compounds are methylated to give methanearsonate. S-adenosylmethionine is the methyl ...
Organisms, including humans, [26] fish-eating birds, and fish-eating mammals such as otters and cetaceans (i.e. whales and dolphins) that consume fish from the top of the aquatic food chain receive the methylmercury that has accumulated through this process, plus the toxins in their habitat.
Tetraethylammonium chloride (TEAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound with the chemical formula [N(CH 2 CH 3) 4] + Cl −, sometimes written as [NEt 4]Cl. In appearance, it is a hygroscopic, colorless, crystalline solid.