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  2. Geometrical optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrical_optics

    It is also possible to produce polarized light rays using a combination of reflection and refraction: When a refracted ray and the reflected ray form a right angle, the reflected ray has the property of "plane polarization". The angle of incidence required for such a scenario is known as Brewster's angle. [3]

  3. Right angle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_angle

    In geometry and trigonometry, a right angle is an angle of exactly 90 degrees or ⁠ / 2 ⁠ radians [1] corresponding to a quarter turn. [2] If a ray is placed so that its endpoint is on a line and the adjacent angles are equal, then they are right angles. [3]

  4. List of optics equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_optics_equations

    Visulization of flux through differential area and solid angle. As always n ^ {\displaystyle \mathbf {\hat {n}} \,\!} is the unit normal to the incident surface A, d A = n ^ d A {\displaystyle \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} =\mathbf {\hat {n}} \mathrm {d} A\,\!} , and e ^ ∠ {\displaystyle \mathbf {\hat {e}} _{\angle }\,\!} is a unit vector in the ...

  5. Euclidean geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_geometry

    Angles whose sum is a right angle are called complementary. Complementary angles are formed when a ray shares the same vertex and is pointed in a direction that is in between the two original rays that form the right angle. The number of rays in between the two original rays is infinite. Angles whose sum is a straight angle are supplementary ...

  6. Ray (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_(optics)

    The principal ray or chief ray (sometimes known as the b ray) in an optical system is the meridional ray that starts at an edge of an object and passes through the center of the aperture stop. [ 5 ] [ 8 ] [ 7 ] The distance between the chief ray (or an extension of it for a virtual image) and the optical axis at an image location defines the ...

  7. Plücker coordinates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plücker_coordinates

    Example. Let x = (2, 3, 7) and ... ∠ DHF are right angles, so the ... Line geometry is extensively used in ray tracing application where the geometry and ...

  8. Angle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle

    An angle equal to ⁠ 1 / 4 ⁠ turn (90° or ⁠ π / 2 ⁠ radians) is called a right angle. Two lines that form a right angle are said to be normal, orthogonal, or perpendicular. [7] An angle larger than a right angle and smaller than a straight angle (between 90° and 180°) is called an obtuse angle [6] ("obtuse" meaning "blunt").

  9. Line (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_(geometry)

    In Euclidean geometry two rays with a common endpoint form an angle. [14] The definition of a ray depends upon the notion of betweenness for points on a line. It follows that rays exist only for geometries for which this notion exists, typically Euclidean geometry or affine geometry over an ordered field.