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Schizotypal personality disorder (StPD or SPD), also known as schizotypal disorder, is a cluster A personality disorder. [4] [5] The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) describes the disorder specifically as a personality disorder characterized by thought disorder, paranoia, a characteristic form of social anxiety, derealization, transient psychosis, and unconventional ...
Support for the dimensional model comes from the fact that high-scorers on measures of schizotypy may meet, or partially fulfill, the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizoid personality disorder and schizotypal personality disorder.
Schizotypal personality disorder – pattern of extreme discomfort interacting socially, and distorted cognition and perceptions; Significant evidence suggests a small proportion of people with Cluster A personality disorders, especially schizotypal personality disorder, have the potential to develop schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
In psychiatry, delusions of reference form part of the diagnostic criteria for psychotic illnesses such as schizophrenia, [4] delusional disorder, and bipolar disorder with mania, as well as for the narcissistic and schizotypal types of personality disorder. [5]
Schizoid personality disorder (/ ˈ s k ɪ t s ɔɪ d, ˈ s k ɪ d z ɔɪ d, ˈ s k ɪ z ɔɪ d /, often abbreviated as SzPD or ScPD) is a personality disorder characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, [9] a tendency toward a solitary or sheltered lifestyle, secretiveness, emotional coldness, detachment, and apathy. [10]
Paradoxical laughter has been consistently identified as a recurring emotional-cognitive symptom in schizophrenia diagnosis. Closely linked to paradoxical laughter is the symptom; inappropriate affect, defined by the APA Dictionary of Psychology as "emotional responses that are not in keeping with the situation or are incompatible with expressed thoughts or wishes". [3]
Schizoaffective disorder: symptoms of schizophrenia and a mood disorder (depression or bipolar disorder) Catatonia; Schizotypal personality disorder; Other and unspecified non-organic psychotic disorders (Atypical psychosis), (inc: chronic hallucinatory psychosis) Predisposition to schizophrenia is classified with the neologism schizotaxia. [23]
Autism spectrum disorder and schizotypal personality disorder can appear outwardly similar but have different etiologies and require different treatment approaches. [3] [21] The presence of self-disorders is evidence for a diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder over autism spectrum disorder.