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Selenium is a component of the amino acids selenocysteine and selenomethionine. In humans, selenium is a trace element nutrient that functions as cofactor for glutathione peroxidases and certain forms of thioredoxin reductase. [1] Selenium-containing proteins are produced from inorganic selenium via the intermediacy of selenophosphate (PSeO 3 3 ...
Selenium deficiency occurs when an organism lacks the required levels of selenium, a critical nutrient in many species.Deficiency, although relatively rare in healthy well-nourished individuals, [1] can have significant negative results, [2] affecting the health of the heart and the nervous system; contributing to depression, anxiety, and dementia; and interfering with reproduction and gestation.
Selenium is a vital nutrient in animals, [7] including humans. About 25 different selenocysteine-containing selenoproteins have so far been observed in human cells and tissues. [ 8 ] Since lack of selenium deprives the cell of its ability to synthesize selenoproteins, many health effects of low selenium intake are believed to be caused by the ...
Selenocysteine is an analogue of the more common cysteine with selenium in place of the sulfur. Selenocysteine is present in several enzymes (for example glutathione peroxidases , tetraiodothyronine 5′ deiodinases , thioredoxin reductases , formate dehydrogenases , glycine reductases , selenophosphate synthetase 2 , methionine- R -sulfoxide ...
Selenoneine is produced by microorganisms using enzymes that form a selenium-carbon bond. [7] Humans that eat fish have selenoneine in their blood. About half of selenium is in the form of selenoneine. [8] [9] Selenoneine inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme. [10] In vertebrates, selenoneine is transported into cells using OCTN1. [4]
Selenium, which is an essential element for animals and prokaryotes and is a beneficial element for many plants, is the least-common of all the elements essential to life. [3] [63] Selenium acts as the catalytic center of several antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase, [11] and plays a wide variety of other biological roles.
Its sale is regulated on a state-by-state level with Pennsylvania, for example, selling it for human consumption, while other states only permit its sale for animal consumption. Related: 35 Foods ...
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TXNRD1 gene. [5] This gene encodes a member of the family of pyridine nucleotide oxidoreductases. This protein reduces thioredoxins as well as other substrates, and plays a role in selenium metabolism and protection against oxidative stress.
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