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Red maple, also known as swamp or soft maple Toxic compounds are gallic acid and tannins. [9] [4] Adonis microcarpa: Pheasant's eye Often found in hay. [10] [11] Aesculus hippocastanum: Horse chestnut Also known as buckeye [3] Ageratina: Snakeroots Known poisonous species include Ageratina adenophora (Crofton weed, causes Tallebudgera horse ...
The leaves of red maple, especially when dead or wilted, are extremely toxic to horses. The toxin is unknown, but believed to be an oxidant because it damages red blood cells , causing acute oxidative hemolysis that inhibits the transport of oxygen .
Within hours of first symptoms horse may be unable to stand and in 72 hours of the onset of signs mortalities may occur. [16] [13] [1] The mortality rate of atypical myopathy is high; only 30-40% of affected horses survive. [9] EAM affected horse’s urine is dark red or brown. Sweating and muscle trembling can be observed while moving.
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Tar spot has little historical importance because of its cosmetic nature. However, equine atypical myopathy has been associated with the ingestion of tar spot infected maple leaves. [14] This disease causes the complete degeneration of muscle fibers and subsequent death in horses. [14]
Aesculus hippocastanum, the horse chestnut, [1] [2] [3] is a species of flowering plant in the maple, soapberry and lychee family Sapindaceae.It is a large, deciduous, synoecious (hermaphroditic-flowered) tree. [4]
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Examples include horse chestnut, maples, ackee and lychee. The Sapindaceae occur in temperate to tropical regions, many in laurel forest habitat, throughout the world. Many are laticiferous, i.e. they contain latex, a milky sap, and many contain mildly toxic saponins with soap-like qualities in either the foliage and/or the seeds, or roots.