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Intravenous or intramuscular oxytocin is the drug of choice for postpartum hemorrhage. [19] [20] Ergotamine may also be used. [2] Oxytocin helps the uterus to contract quickly and the contractions to last longer. [21] It is the first line treatment for PPH when its cause is the uterus not contracting well. [22]
The most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage is a loss of muscle tone in the uterus. Normally, the uterus will contract to constrict blood vessels and decrease the flow of blood to prevent bleeding out. However, if there is a loss of muscle tone, see uterine atony, there is an increased risk of bleeding. Oxytocin is the first-line ...
Therefore, a lack of uterine muscle contraction can lead to an acute hemorrhage, as the vasculature is not being sufficiently compressed. [1] Uterine atony is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage, which is an emergency and potential cause of fatality. Across the globe, postpartum hemorrhage is among the top five causes of maternal ...
Administration is performed immediately following parturition to minimize risk of postpartum hemorrhage by inducing uterine contractions, increasing muscle tone and thickening the blood. If further uterine stimulation is needed, treatment with other forms of oxytocic uterotonic drugs should be used. [17]
Tranexamic acid is a medication used to treat or prevent excessive blood loss from major trauma, postpartum bleeding, surgery, tooth removal, nosebleeds, and heavy menstruation. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] It is also used for hereditary angioedema .
Ergonovine is listed as Table I precursors under the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, as possible precursor compound for LSD. [29] As an N -alkyl derivative of ergine, ergonovine is also covered by the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 , effectively rendering it illegal in the United Kingdom .
Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin medication used to prevent and treat stomach and duodenal ulcers, induce labor, cause an abortion, and treat postpartum bleeding due to poor contraction of the uterus. [10] [11] It is taken by mouth when used to prevent gastric ulcers in people taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). [11]
Other definitions of excessive postpartum bleeding are hemodynamic instability, drop of hemoglobin of more than 10%, [12] or requiring blood transfusion. In the literature, primary postpartum hemorrhage is defined as uncontrolled bleeding that occurs in the first 24 hours after delivery while secondary hemorrhage occurs between 24 hours and six ...