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Naturally occurring silicon is found in silicate and aluminosilicate minerals. One of the most common silicon compounds found in the Earth's crust is silicon dioxide or silica, which often occurs as quartz. Organosilicon compounds are fairly stable due to the similarity in strength of the Si–C bond to the C–C bond.
Silicon is the eighth most common element in the universe by mass, but very rarely occurs in its pure form in the Earth's crust. It is widely distributed throughout space in cosmic dusts , planetoids , and planets as various forms of silicon dioxide (silica) or silicates .
Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula SiO 2, commonly found in nature as quartz. [5] [6] In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand. Silica is one of the most complex and abundant families of materials, existing as a compound of several minerals and as a synthetic product.
The silicon to hydrogen bond is longer than the C–H bond (148 compared to 105 pm) and weaker (299 compared to 338 kJ/mol). Hydrogen is more electronegative than silicon hence the naming convention of silyl hydrides. Commonly the presence of the hydride is not mentioned in the name of the compound. Triethylsilane has the formula Et 3 SiH.
Silica gel, also referred to as silicon dioxide or synthetic amorphous silica (SAS), is listed by the FDA in the United States as generally recognized as safe (GRAS), meaning it can be added to food products without needing approval. Silica is allowed to be added to food in the US at up to 2% as permitted under 21 CFR 172.480.
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Silicon cycle and balance in the modern world ocean [1] Input, output, and biological silicon fluxes, with possible balance. Total silicon inputs = total silicon outputs = 15.6 Tmol Si yr −1 in reasonable agreement with the individual range of each flux.
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