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In particle physics and physical cosmology, Planck units are a system of units of measurement defined exclusively in terms of four universal physical constants: c, G, ħ, and k B (described further below). Expressing one of these physical constants in terms of Planck units yields a numerical value of 1.
In particle physics, this unit is sometimes called a fermi, also with abbreviation "fm". To help compare different orders of magnitude , this section lists lengths between 10 −15 meters and 10 −14 meters (1 femtometer and 10 fm).
Meaning SI unit of measure alpha: alpha particle: angular acceleration: radian per second squared (rad/s 2) fine-structure constant: unitless beta: velocity in terms of the speed of light c: unitless beta particle: gamma: Lorentz factor: unitless photon: gamma ray: shear strain: radian
The field equations of condensed matter physics are remarkably similar to those of high energy particle physics. As a result, much of the theory of particle physics applies to condensed matter physics as well; in particular, there are a selection of field excitations, called quasi-particles, that can be created and explored. These include:
Even among particle physicists, the exact definition of a particle has diverse descriptions. These professional attempts at the definition of a particle include: [7] A particle is a collapsed wave function; A particle is a quantum excitation of a field; A particle is an irreducible representation of the Poincaré group; A particle is an ...
Particle physics or high-energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation. The field also studies combinations of elementary particles up to the scale of protons and neutrons , while the study of combination of protons and neutrons is called nuclear physics .
In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a subatomic particle that is not composed of other particles. [1] The Standard Model presently recognizes seventeen distinct particles—twelve fermions and five bosons .
Mass per unit volume kg/m 3: L −3 M: intensive Mean lifetime: τ: Average time for a particle of a substance to decay s T: intensive Molar concentration: C: Amount of substance per unit volume mol⋅m −3: L −3 N: intensive Molar energy: J/mol: Amount of energy present in a system per unit amount of substance J/mol L 2 M T −2 N −1 ...