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In mycology, a stipe (/ s t aɪ p /) is the stem or stalk-like feature supporting the cap of a mushroom. Like all tissues of the mushroom other than the hymenium, the stipe is composed of sterile hyphal tissue. In many instances, however, the fertile hymenium extends down the stipe some distance. Fungi that have stipes are said to be stipitate. [1]
This glossary of mycology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to mycology, the study of fungi. Terms in common with other fields, if repeated here, generally focus on their mycology-specific meaning. Related terms can be found in glossary of biology and glossary of botany, among others.
The adnate gills are thick and widely spaced, yellow red in colour. The ringless stipe is 2–5 cm tall and 0.3–1 cm (1 ⁄ 8 – 3 ⁄ 8 in) wide, red with a yellowish base. The flesh is yellowish-red and the smell and taste faint. The oval spores measure 7–9.5 x 4–5 μm and produce a white spore print. [1] [2]
The stipe (stem) is smooth but fibrillose and streaky, yellow to orange-red, whitish towards base, lacking a ring. All parts become duller and grey with age, finally becoming entirely black. The spore print is white, the spores (under a microscope) smooth, inamyloid, ellipsoid, measuring about 8.5 to 11.5 by 5 to 7.5 μm. [6]
Presence of large spherical cells, 'sphaerocysts', in the stipe is an important characteristic feature to distinguish the members of Russulaceae from other mushrooms. In Russula, the stipe breaks like the flesh of an apple, while in most other families it only breaks into fibres. [13] The spore powder varies from white to cream, or even orange.
Stipe: The stipe is 3–7 cm (1 + 1 ⁄ 8 – 2 + 3 ⁄ 4 in) long and 0.5–1 cm thick. [5] It has either an equal structure, or becomes thinner near the base. It is light yellow, bruising rusty brown. The stipe has an evanescent veil which often leaves fragments on the upper part of the stipe [5] or the margin of young caps.
A characteristic microscopic feature of the mushroom is the sharp, thin-walled cystidia found on the stipe, gills, and cap. The mushrooms, sometimes described as edible, are too small to be of culinary interest. The fungus releases compounds called strobilurins that suppress the growth and development of other fungi.
Many species are brackets, but others have a definite stipe – for example, Polyporus badius. Most of these fungi have white spore powder but members of the genus Abundisporus have colored spores and produce yellowish spore prints.