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Attached to these spiracles are tubes called tracheae that branch throughout the body of the cockroach until they associate with each cell. [12] Oxygen diffuses across the thin cuticle and carbon dioxide diffuses out, which allows cockroaches to deliver oxygen to cells directly without relying on blood as do humans. [12]
The Turkestan cockroach, Periplaneta lateralis (also known by its synonyms Shelfordella lateralis and Blatta lateralis), [3] also known as the rusty red cockroach, [4] red runner cockroach [5] or simply rusty red, red runner, [5] or lat, is a primarily outdoor-dwelling cockroach native to an area from northern Africa to Central Asia.
The head has a pair of long antennae which exceed the length of the body, and two unstalked, bulging eyes. The body is flattened dorsally and has seven thoracic segments, each with a pair of legs, and six abdominal segments. The first five of these bear flat, membranous gills and the sixth bears a pair of long, forked uropods. [3] [4]
Dictyoptera (from Greek δίκτυον diktyon "net" and πτερόν pteron "wing") is an insect superorder that includes two extant orders of polyneopterous insects: the order Blattodea (termites and cockroaches together) [1] and the order Mantodea (mantises). All modern Dictyoptera have short ovipositors and typically lay oothecae.
The earliest cockroach-like fossils ("blattopterans" or "roachoids") are from the Carboniferous period 320 million years ago. [12] [13] [14] Fossil roachoids are considered the common ancestor of both mantises and modern cockroaches, and are distinguished from the latter by the presence of a long external ovipositor.
The three basic segments of the typical insect antenna are the scape or scapus (base), the pedicel or pedicellus (stem), and finally the flagellum, which often comprises many units known as flagellomeres. [10] The pedicel (the second segment) contains the Johnston's organ which is a collection of sensory cells. [11]
Species in this genus are 4 to 9.7 cm (1.6–3.8 in) long and can have a wingspan of up to 20 cm (8 in); the world's largest cockroach by length and wingspan is M. longipennis. [1] [2] [3] Megaloblatta, like many other insects, use stridulation in order to steer their predators away. [4]
The Florida woods cockroach (Eurycotis floridana) is a large cockroach species which typically grows to a length of 30–40 mm (1.2–1.6 in). [2] When alarmed, adults can eject an extremely foul-smelling directional spray up to one metre (3.3 ft), [3] which inspired several of its other common names: Florida skunk roach, Florida stinkroach, skunk cockroach, skunk roach, stinking cockroach ...