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Consequently, if a liquid has dynamic viscosity of n centiPoise, and its density is not too different from that of water, then its kinematic viscosity is around n centiStokes. For gas, the dynamic viscosity is usually in the range of 10 to 20 microPascal-seconds, or 0.01 to 0.02 centiPoise. The density is usually on the order of 0.5 to 5 kg/m^3.
Viscosity [3] 6.285 mPa·s: at −50 °C 4.656 mPa·s: at −40 °C ... Vapor–liquid equilibrium of the mixture of ethanol and water (including azeotrope)
Understanding the temperature dependence of viscosity is important for ... Water: H 2 O 1.856 ... 0.04527 −3.376·10 −5: 273–643 Ethanol: C 2 H 6 O 0.00201 1614 ...
The centipoise is convenient because the viscosity of water at 20 °C is about 1 cP, and one centipoise is equal to the SI millipascal second (mPa·s). The SI unit of kinematic viscosity is square meter per second (m 2 /s), whereas the CGS unit for kinematic viscosity is the stokes (St, or cm 2 ·s −1 = 0.0001 m 2 ·s −1 ), named after Sir ...
Ethanol-water mixtures have less volume than the sum of their individual components at the given fractions. Mixing equal volumes of ethanol and water results in only 1.92 volumes of mixture. [76] [81] Mixing ethanol and water is exothermic, with up to 777 J/mol [82] being released at 298 K. Hydrogen bonding in solid ethanol at −186 °C
Newtonian fluids are the easiest mathematical models of fluids that account for viscosity. While no real fluid fits the definition perfectly, many common liquids and gases, such as water and air, can be assumed to be Newtonian for practical calculations under ordinary conditions.
methanol - 0.8 ethanol - 1.4 propanol - 2.7 pentanol - 2.8 acetone - 1.4 toluene - 7.6 cyclohexanone - 7.0 hexane - 2.4 Recent studies have determined the volume viscosity for a variety of gases, including carbon dioxide , methane , and nitrous oxide .
The turbulent Schmidt number is commonly used in turbulence research and is defined as: [3] = where: is the eddy viscosity in units of (m 2 /s); is the eddy diffusivity (m 2 /s).; The turbulent Schmidt number describes the ratio between the rates of turbulent transport of momentum and the turbulent transport of mass (or any passive scalar).