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Ekranoplan A-90 Orlyonok. A ground-effect vehicle (GEV), also called a wing-in-ground-effect (WIGE or WIG), ground-effect craft/machine (GEM), wingship, flarecraft, surface effect vehicle or ekranoplan (Russian: экранопла́н – "screenglider"), is a vehicle that is able to move over the surface by gaining support from the reactions of the air against the surface of the earth or water.
Bartini Beriev VVA-14 - Amphibious anti-submarine aircraft, only prototypes were produced; KM "Caspian Sea Monster" - largest GEV ever built; Lun-class ekranoplan - Only GEV to be used as a warship; A-90 Orlyonok - Amphibious transport GEV; Beriev Be-2500 - Proposed heavy transport GEV; Aqualet - New 2011 Russian development of Ground Effect ...
The RFB X-114 Aerofoil Craft was an experimental ground-effect vehicle intended to work over water, with the ability to fly out of ground effect when required. It was the last of three such aircraft designed by Alexander Lippisch in the 1960s and early 1970s.
The ground effect occurs when flying at an altitude of only a few metres above the ocean or ground; drag is greatly reduced by the proximity of the ground preventing the formation of wingtip vortices, thus increasing the efficiency of the wing. This effect does not occur at high altitude. [5] [6] The name Lun comes from the Russian word for the ...
[4] [7] It also looked at and discarded a fast oceangoing ship and a sea-based ground effect vehicle. [1] A plan view of a ground effect concept airplane. [8] Many features of this concept were incorporated into the Boeing Pelican ULTRA. Boeing Phantom Works then selected a land-based ground effect vehicle with high drooping wings as its solution.
After extensive research, including the development of the small prototype Be-1 wing in ground effect aircraft, the first VVA-14 prototype was completed in 1972. Its first flight was from a conventional runway on 4 September 1972.
During takeoff, ground effect can cause the aircraft to "float" while below the recommended climb speed. The pilot can then fly just above the runway while the aircraft accelerates in ground effect until a safe climb speed is reached. [2] For rotorcraft, ground effect results in less drag on the rotor during hovering close to the ground. At ...
The RFB X-113 Aerofoil Boat was an experimental ground effect vehicle intended to work over water. It was one of three such aircraft designed by Alexander Lippisch in the 1960s and early 1970s. The X-113 first flew in 1970; only one was built.