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2. Flux (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux_(metallurgy)

   In metallurgy, a flux is a chemical reducing agent, flowing agent, or purifying agent. Fluxes may have more than one function at a time. They are used in both extractive metallurgy and metal joining. Some of the earliest known fluxes were sodium carbonate, potash, charcoal, coke, borax, [1] lime, [2] lead sulfide [3] and certain minerals ...

3. Adhesive bonding - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesive_bonding

   The adhesive forces are usually based on physical interactions, for example, such as those between polar or polarisable groups, on hydrogen bonds, or van der Waals forces. When bonding plastics, in particular with solvent-based adhesives, diffusion processes can also play a role. In this case, the plastic at the substrate surface is dissolved ...

4. Binder (material) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binder_(material)

   Glue is traditionally made by the boiling of hoofs, bones, or skin of animals and then mixing the hard gelatinous residue with water. Natural gum-based binders are made from substances extracted from plants. [1] Larger amounts of dry substance are added to liquid binders in order to cast or model sculptures and reliefs. [2]

5. Water-reactive substances - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water-reactive_substances

   The alkaline earth metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra) are the second most reactive metals in the periodic table, and, like the Group 1 metals, have increasing reactivity with increasing numbers of energy levels. Beryllium (Be) is the only alkaline earth metal that does not react with water or steam, even if the metal is heated red hot. [9]

6. Borax - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borax

   Borax as a source of borate has been used to take advantage of the co-complexing ability of borate with other agents in water to form complex ions with various substances. Borate and a suitable polymer bed are used to chromatograph non- glycated hemoglobin differentially from glycated hemoglobin (chiefly HbA1c ), which is an indicator of long ...

7. Substitution of dangerous chemicals - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_of_dangerous...

   Substitution of hazardous chemicals can be on different levels such as using: Less hazardous chemicals in the same process: For construction paints: from organic solvents to water-based paints, In printing industry for cleaning of printing machines: from organic solvents to products based on esters of vegetable oils, A new design of the process:

8. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of ...

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globally_Harmonized_System...

   The pictogram for harmful substances of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals.. The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) is an internationally agreed-upon standard managed by the United Nations that was set up to replace the assortment of hazardous material classification and labelling schemes previously used around ...

9. Refractory metals - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory_metals

   Refractory metals, and alloys made from them, are used in lighting, tools, lubricants, nuclear reaction control rods, as catalysts, and for their chemical or electrical properties. Because of their high melting point, refractory metal components are never fabricated by casting. The process of powder metallurgy is used.