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Hermeneutics (/ h ɜːr m ə ˈ nj uː t ɪ k s /) [1] is the theory and methodology of interpretation, [2] [3] especially the interpretation of biblical texts, wisdom literature, and philosophical texts.
The term phenomenology derives from the Greek φαινόμενον, phainómenon ("that which appears") and λόγος, lógos ("study"). It entered the English language around the turn of the 18th century and first appeared in direct connection to Husserl's philosophy in a 1907 article in The Philosophical Review.
The hermeneutic circle (German: hermeneutischer Zirkel) describes the process of understanding a text hermeneutically. It refers to the idea that one's understanding of the text as a whole is established by reference to the individual parts and one's understanding of each individual part by reference to the whole.
Reader-centered methods are diverse, including canonical criticism, confessional hermeneutics, and contextual hermeneutics. Nevertheless, the historical-grammatical method shares with reader-centered methods the interest in understanding the text as it became received by the earliest interpretive communities and throughout the history of Bible ...
Phenomenological description has found widespread application within psychology and the cognitive sciences. For example, Maurice Merleau-Ponty is the first well known phenomenologist to openly mingle the results of empirical research with phenomenologically descriptive research.
Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is a qualitative form of psychology research. IPA has an idiographic focus, which means that instead of producing generalization findings, it aims to offer insights into how a given person, in a given context, makes sense of a given situation .
In the philosophy of Hans-Georg Gadamer, a fusion of horizons (German: Horizontverschmelzung) is the process through which the members of a hermeneutical dialogue establish the broader context within which they come to a shared understanding. In phenomenology, a horizon refers to the context within which of any meaningful presentation is
Martin Heidegger (/ ˈ h aɪ d ɛ ɡ ər, ˈ h aɪ d ɪ ɡ ər /; [3] German: [ˈmaʁtiːn ˈhaɪdɛɡɐ]; [3] 26 September 1889 – 26 May 1976) was a German philosopher best known for contributions to phenomenology, hermeneutics, and existentialism.