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The 1875–1876 Australia scarlet fever epidemic was a severe outbreak of scarlet fever in the British colonies of Victoria and New South Wales in Australia.Part of a series of measles and scarlet fever epidemics in Victoria as a result of poor sanitation in the post-gold rush era, the epidemic claimed in both colonies the lives of over 8,000 people, mainly children. [1]
Scarlet fever, also known as scarlatina, is an infectious disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, a Group A streptococcus (GAS). [3] It most commonly affects children between five and 15 years of age. [1] The signs and symptoms include a sore throat, fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, and a characteristic rash. [1]
After successful vaccination campaigns throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the WHO certified the global eradication of smallpox in May 1980. [9] Smallpox is one of two infectious diseases to have been eradicated, the other being rinderpest, which was declared eradicated in 2011. [10] [11] [12]
In the UK, scarlet fever was considered benign for two centuries, but fatal epidemics were seen in the 1700s. [56] Scarlet fever broke out in England in the 19th century and was responsible for an enormous number of deaths in the 60-year period from 1825 to 1885; decades that followed had lower levels of annual mortality from scarlet fever. [52]
1875–1876 Australia scarlet fever epidemic: 1875–1876 Australia Scarlet fever: 8,000 [164] 1876 Ottoman Empire plague epidemic 1876 Ottoman Empire: Bubonic plague: 20,000 [169] 1878 New Orleans yellow fever epidemic: 1878 New Orleans, United States Yellow fever: 4,046 [126] 1878 Mississippi Valley yellow fever epidemic: 1878 Mississippi ...
1980 – Smallpox declared eradicated worldwide due to vaccination efforts; 1981 – First vaccine for hepatitis B (first vaccine to target a cause of cancer) 1984 – First vaccine for chicken pox; 1985 – First vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae type b (HiB) 1989 – First vaccine for Q fever [12]
Yellow fever: 1905 1996 Last epidemic 1905, New Orleans; last imported case 1996 (prior to that 1924) [1] Smallpox: 1934 1949 After widespread national vaccination efforts; routine vaccination of American children discontinued in 1973; declared eradicated worldwide in 1980 [2] Malaria: 1951 2024 See National Malaria Eradication Program [3 ...
The Fever of 1721: The Epidemic that Revolutionized Medicine and American Politics. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4767-8308-6. Fenn, Elizabeth A. (2001). Pox Americana: The Great Smallpox Epidemic of 1775–82. Hill and Wang. ISBN 0-8090-7821-X. Filsinger, Amy Lynn; Dwek, Raymond (2009). "George Washington and the First Mass Military Inoculation".