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The curve can also be shown in non-dimensional or standardized form by scaling elevation and area by the maximum values. The non-dimensional hypsometric curve provides a hydrologist or a geomorphologist with a way to assess the similarity of watersheds — and is one of several characteristics used for doing so. The hypsometric integral is a ...
Dividing the result by length of curve or chord has also been tried. In 2002 several Italian scientists [4] proposed one more method. At first, the curve is divided into several (N) parts with constant sign of curvature (using hysteresis to decrease sensitivity to noise). Then the arc-chord ratio for each part is found and the tortuosity is ...
Stand density index (SDI; also known as Reineke's Stand Density Index [1] after its founder) is a measure of the stocking of a stand of trees based on the number of trees per unit area and diameter at breast height (DBH) of the tree of average basal area, also known as the quadratic mean diameter. It may also be defined as the degree of ...
D 50: Mass-median-diameter (MMD). The log-normal distribution mass median diameter. The MMD is considered to be the average particle diameter by mass. σ g: Geometric standard deviation. This value is determined mathematically by the equation: σ g = D 84.13 /D 50 = D 50 /D 15.87. The value of σ g determines the slope of the least-squares ...
The surface of a sphere can be completely described by two dimensions, since no matter how rough the surface may appear to be, it is still only a surface, which is the two-dimensional outside border of a volume. Even the surface of the Earth, which is fractal in complexity, is still only a two-dimensional boundary along the outside of a volume. [3]
Barring detailed mass determinations, [4] the mass can be estimated from the diameter and assumed density values worked out as below. M = π a b c ρ 6 {\displaystyle M={\frac {\pi abc\rho }{6}}\,\!} Besides these estimations, masses can be obtained for the larger asteroids by solving for the perturbations they cause in each other's orbits, [ 5 ...
A sieve analysis (or gradation test) is a practice or procedure used in geology, civil engineering, [1] and chemical engineering [2] to assess the particle size distribution (also called gradation) of a granular material by allowing the material to pass through a series of sieves of progressively smaller mesh size and weighing the amount of material that is stopped by each sieve as a fraction ...
The COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere (CIRA) 2012 and the ISO 14222 Earth Atmosphere Density standard both recommend NRLMSISE-00 for composition uses. JB2008 is a newer model of the Earth's atmosphere from 120 km to 2000 km, developed by the US Air Force Space Command and Space Environment Technologies taking into account realistic ...