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Deliberative democracy or discursive democracy is a form of democracy in which deliberation is central to decision-making. Deliberative democracy seeks quality over quantity by limiting decision-makers to a smaller but more representative sample of the population that is given the time and resources to focus on one issue.
He also acts as the director of Stanford’s Deliberative Democracy Lab. Fishkin is widely cited for his work on deliberative democracy, with his proposition of Deliberative Polling in 1988 being particularly influential. Together with Robert Luskin, Fishkin's work has led to over 100 deliberative polls in 28 countries. [1]
The People's Parliament was a program run on TV in the UK in 1994 that showed randomly-selected regular people debating policy topics. [ 71 ] In 2019 the British government announced the UK Climate Assembly, [ 72 ] [ non-primary source needed ] with 108 citizens aiming to deliberate over how to reach net-zero emissions by 2050.
Between Facts and Norms (German: Faktizität und Geltung) is a 1992 book on deliberative politics by the German political philosopher Jürgen Habermas.The culmination of the project that Habermas began with The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere in 1962, it represents a lifetime of political thought on the nature of democracy and law.
A direct democracy, or pure democracy, is a type of democracy where the people govern directly, by voting on laws and policies. It requires wide participation of citizens in politics. [ 4 ] Athenian democracy , or classical democracy, refers to a direct democracy developed in ancient times in the Greek city-state of Athens.
In "deliberative democracy", the aim is for both elected officials and the general public to use deliberation rather than power-struggle as the basis for their vote. Individual deliberation is also a description of day-to-day rational decision-making, and as such is an epistemic virtue .
A deliberative referendum is a referendum that increases public deliberation through purposeful institutional design. [ 1 ] :557 The term "deliberative referendum" stems from deliberative democracy , [ 2 ] :509 which emphasises that "the legitimacy of decisions can be increased if...decisions are preceded by authentic deliberation."
Mediated deliberation is a form of deliberation that is achieved through the media which acts as a mediator between the mass public and elected officials. The communication professionals of the media relay information, values, and diverse points of view to the public in order for effective public deliberation to occur. [1]