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Antihypertensive agents comprise multiple classes of compounds that are intended to manage hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy aims to maintain a blood pressure goal of <140/90 mmHg in all patients, as well as to prevent the progression or recurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in hypertensive patients with established CVD. [2]
The benefit of medications is related to a person's cardiac disease risk. [7] Evidence for medications in those with mild hypertension (between 140/90 mmHg and 160/100 mmHg) and no other health problems is less clear, with some reviews finding no benefit [8] and other reviews finding benefit. [9]
The choice between the drugs is to a large degree determined by the characteristics of the patient being prescribed for, the drugs' side effects, and cost. Most drugs have other uses; sometimes the presence of other symptoms can warrant the use of one particular antihypertensive. Examples include: Age can affect the choice of medications.
If hypertension is high enough to justify immediate use of medications, lifestyle changes are still recommended in conjunction with medication. Dietary changes shown to reduce blood pressure include diets with low sodium, [ 127 ] [ 128 ] the DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension), [ 129 ] which was the best against 11 other diet in ...
This class of drugs is usually well tolerated. Common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) include: dizziness, headache, and/or hyperkalemia.Infrequent ADRs associated with therapy include: first dose orthostatic hypotension, rash, diarrhea, dyspepsia, abnormal liver function, muscle cramp, myalgia, back pain, insomnia, decreased hemoglobin levels, renal impairment, pharyngitis, and/or nasal ...
high blood pressure, that is, hypertension: Hb s Ag: Hepatitis B surface antigen: HBV: hepatitis B virus: HC: head circumference hemorrhagic colitis homocysteine HCA: Healthcare Associated, as in HCA-CDI HCAP: health care-associated (or acquired) pneumonia: HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma: HCF: Healthcare Facility HCFA: Healthcare Facility ...
Left ventricular hypertrophy. Hypertensive heart disease is the result of structural and functional adaptations [18] leading to left ventricular hypertrophy, [19] [20] [21] diastolic dysfunction, [18] [20] CHF (Congestive Heart Failure), abnormalities of blood flow due to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease [18] and microvascular disease, [10] [19] and cardiac arrhythmias. [19]
Chlortalidone (or other thiazide medication) is a key component of treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus occurs when the kidney is unable to concentrate urine because it has an inadequate response to vasopressin-dependent removal of free water from the renal tubular filtrate.