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Blood in stool looks different depending on how early it enters the digestive tract—and thus how much digestive action it has been exposed to—and how much there is. The term can refer either to melena, with a black appearance, typically originating from upper gastrointestinal bleeding; or to hematochezia, with a red color, typically originating from lower gastrointestinal bleeding. [6]
Pancolitis or universal colitis, in its most general sense, refers to inflammation of the entire large intestine comprising the cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon and rectum. It can be caused by a variety of things such as inflammatory bowel disease , more specifically a severe form of ulcerative colitis .
Bleeding is typically divided into two main types: upper gastrointestinal bleeding and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. [2] Causes of upper GI bleeds include: peptic ulcer disease, esophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis and cancer, among others. [3] Causes of lower GI bleeds include: hemorrhoids, cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease among ...
It is a long-term condition that results in inflammation and ulcers of the colon and rectum. [1] [7] The primary symptoms of active disease are abdominal pain and diarrhea mixed with blood (hematochezia). [1] Weight loss, fever, and anemia may also occur. [1] Often, symptoms come on slowly and can range from mild to severe. [1]
Only 40% of patients have ulcers; 20% of patients have a single ulcer, and the remaining lesions range in size and form from broad-based polypoid to hyperemic mucosa. [10] Clinical signs and symptoms include rectal bleeding , copious mucus discharge, prolonged, severe straining, abdominal and perineal pain, constipation , and, in rare cases ...
A lower gastrointestinal bleed is defined as bleeding originating distal to the ileocecal valve, which includes the colon, rectum, and anus. [2] LGIB was previously defined as any bleed that occurs distal to the ligament of Treitz, which included the aforementioned parts of the intestine and also included the last 1/4 of the duodenum and the entire area of the jejunum and ileum. [1]
Intestinal ischemia is a medical condition in which injury to the large or small intestine occurs due to not enough blood supply. [2] It can come on suddenly, known as acute intestinal ischemia, or gradually, known as chronic intestinal ischemia. [1]
Additionally, fecalomas may be seen as masses in the colon. In the case of ulceration, the part of the colon adjacent to the fecaloma will be thickened. This thickening of the bowel will help differentiate from stercoral colitis and stercoral ulcer from fecal impaction as the colon is typically not thickened in cases of fecal impaction. [2]