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Endoclips have found use in treating gastrointestinal bleeding (both in the upper and lower GI tract), in preventing bleeding after therapeutic procedures such as polypectomy, and in closing gastrointestinal perforations. Many forms of endoclips exist of different shapes and sizes, including two and three prong devices, which can be ...
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding can be caused by peptic ulcers, gastric erosions, esophageal varices, and rarer causes such as gastric cancer. The initial assessment includes measurement of the blood pressure and heart rate , as well as blood tests to determine the hemoglobin .
Only 40% of patients have ulcers; 20% of patients have a single ulcer, and the remaining lesions range in size and form from broad-based polypoid to hyperemic mucosa. [10] Clinical signs and symptoms include rectal bleeding , copious mucus discharge, prolonged, severe straining, abdominal and perineal pain, constipation , and, in rare cases ...
Proctosigmoiditis and left-sided colitis involves the lower colon, from the rectum up the left side of the patient. Patients often respond to topical agents alone, such as Mesalazine, or hydrocortisone enemas. Again, the Mesalazine is preferred for maintenance therapy. Initially a 4 g Mesalazine enema (Rowasa) is given nightly.
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding is typically from the colon, rectum or anus. [2] Common causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding include hemorrhoids, cancer, angiodysplasia, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and aortoenteric fistula. [2] It may be indicated by the passage of fresh red blood rectally, especially in the absence of bloody ...
It is a long-term condition that results in inflammation and ulcers of the colon and rectum. [1] [7] The primary symptoms of active disease are abdominal pain and diarrhea mixed with blood (hematochezia). [1] Weight loss, fever, and anemia may also occur. [1] Often, symptoms come on slowly and can range from mild to severe. [1]
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Additionally, fecalomas may be seen as masses in the colon. In the case of ulceration, the part of the colon adjacent to the fecaloma will be thickened. This thickening of the bowel will help differentiate from stercoral colitis and stercoral ulcer from fecal impaction as the colon is typically not thickened in cases of fecal impaction. [2]