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An onion (Allium cepa L., from Latin cepa meaning "onion"), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium. The shallot is a botanical variety of the onion which was classified as a separate species until 2011.
There are dozens of cultivars of the onion (Allium cepa), one of the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium, But there are also other species cultivated as 'onions'. Many are named after the first person to breed them, or the locality they came from.
The shallot is a cultivar group of the onion.Until 2010, the (French red) shallot was classified as a separate species, Allium ascalonicum.The taxon was synonymized with Allium cepa (the common onion) in 2010, as the difference was too small to justify a separate species.
White Rot (Sclerotium cepivorum) (also known as Allium Root Rot) is a notorious and severe fungal disease which impacts most members of the allium family, including garlic, leeks and onion varieties. [8] [9] [10] The fungus is unique in that it does not produce spores of great significance in its lifetime.
Carl Linnaeus first described the genus Allium in 1753. The generic name Allium is the Latin word for garlic, [9] [10] and the type species for the genus is Allium sativum which means "cultivated garlic". [11] The decision to include a species in the genus Allium is taxonomically difficult, and species boundaries are unclear.
Red onions (also known as purple or bluehi onions in some mainland European countries) are cultivars of the onion (Allium cepa), and have purplish-red skin and white flesh tinged with red. They are most commonly used in cooking, but the skin has also been used as a dye. [1]
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The yellow onion or brown onion (Allium cepa L. [1] [2]) is a variety of dry onion with a strong flavour. They have a greenish-white, [3] light yellow, [4] or white inside; [5] its layers of papery skin have a yellow-brown or pale golden colour.