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They are documented in schizophrenia, toxic encephalopathies, migraines, substance withdrawal syndromes, focal central nervous system lesions, and psychotic mood disorders. [3] Although traditionally linked with organic aetiologies, visual hallucinations occur in approximately 25% to 50% of individuals with schizophrenia.
Visual processing abnormalities in schizophrenia are commonly found, and contribute to poor social function. [ 1 ] There is evidence that schizophrenia affects perception of contrast and motion , control of eye movements , detection of visual contours, and recognition of faces or facial expressions .
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder [17] [7] characterized variously by hallucinations (typically, hearing voices), delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, [10] and flat or inappropriate affect. [7]
Apophenia can be considered a commonplace effect of brain function. Taken to an extreme, however, it can be a symptom of psychiatric dysfunction, for example, as a symptom in schizophrenia, [6] where a patient sees hostile patterns (for example, a conspiracy to persecute them) in ordinary actions.
The causes of schizophrenia are unclear, but it seems that genetics play a heavy role, as individuals with a family history are far more likely to suffer from schizophrenia. [11] [12] The disorder can be triggered and exacerbated by social and environmental factors, with episodes becoming more apparent in periods of high stress. Neurologists ...
Drug-induced paranoia has a better prognosis than schizophrenic paranoia once the drug has been removed. [16] For further information, see stimulant psychosis and substance-induced psychosis . Based on data obtained by the Dutch NEMESIS project in 2005, there was an association between impaired hearing and the onset of symptoms of psychosis ...
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