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A desalination plant now operates in Sydney, [169] and the Wonthaggi desalination plant was under construction in Wonthaggi, Victoria. A wind farm at Bungendore in New South Wales was purpose-built to generate enough renewable energy to offset the Sydney plant's energy use, [ 170 ] mitigating concerns about harmful greenhouse gas emissions .
Single phase desalination is predominantly accomplished with photovoltaics that produce electricity to drive RO pumps. Over 15,000 desalination plants operate around the world. Nearly 70% use RO, yielding 44% of desalination. [38] Alternative methods that use solar thermal collection to provide mechanical energy to drive RO are in development.
Indirect solar desalination systems comprise two sub-systems: a solar collection system and a desalination system. The solar collection system is used, either to collect heat using solar collectors and supply it via a heat exchanger to a thermal desalination process, or to convert electromagnetic solar radiation to electricity using photovoltaic cells to power an electricity-driven ...
Estimates put construction of a plant generating 30 million gallons of water per day at about $541.5 million, with a total cost of $757.5 million.
In China a desalination plant was planned for Tianjin in 2010, to produce 100,000 m³ of desalinated seawater a day. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] In Spain in 2004, 20 reverse osmosis plants were planned to be built along the Costas, expecting to meet slightly over 1% of Spain's total water needs.
The brine and condensate still carry a small amount of heat that is lost from the system when they are discharged. The heat that was added in the heater makes up for this loss. [citation needed] The heat added in the brine heater usually comes in the form of hot steam from an industrial process co-located with the desalination plant.
The first desalination plant in Mexico was built in 1960 and had a capacity of 27,648 m 3 /day. [7] As of 2006, there were 435 desalination plants in Mexico with a total capacity of 311,700 m 3 /day. [72] One of the world's largest desalination plants (380,160 m 3 /day) is planned for Rosarito. [73]
Schematic of a multiple effect desalination plant. The first stage is at the top. Pink areas are vapor, lighter blue areas are liquid feed water. Stronger turquoise is condensate. It is not shown how feed water enters other stages than the first. F - feed water in. S - heating steam in. C - heating steam out. W - Fresh water (condensate) out.