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Gold extraction is the extraction of gold from dilute ores using a combination of chemical processes. Gold mining produces about 3600 tons annually, [1] and another 300 tons is produced from recycling. [2] Since the 20th century, gold has been principally extracted in a cyanide process by leaching the ore with cyanide solution.
The chemical reaction for the dissolution of gold, the "Elsner equation", follows: 4 Au + 8 NaCN + O 2 + 2 H 2 O → 4 Na[Au(CN) 2] + 4 NaOH. Potassium cyanide and calcium cyanide are sometimes used in place of sodium cyanide. Gold is one of the few metals that dissolves in the presence of cyanide ions and oxygen.
Pressure oxidation has a very high gold recovery rate, normally at least 10% higher than roasting. [ 1 ] The oxidation of the iron sulfide minerals produces sulfuric acid , soluble compounds such as ferric sulfate, and solids such as iron sulfate or jarosite .
Gold heap leaching. Heap leaching is an industrial mining process used to extract precious metals, copper, uranium, and other compounds from ore using a series of chemical reactions that absorb specific minerals and re-separate them after their division from other earth materials.
With rapid industrialization and urbanization, the demand for various metals, including copper, gold, zinc, and nickel, has surged. Consequently, the need for advanced flotation chemicals for copper and gold mining has intensified, pushing companies to invest in innovative formulations that enhance efficiency while minimizing environmental impact.
Gold quality was increased at the surface by 80–95% gold compared to 64–75% gold at the interior found in Nahal Qanah Cave dated to the 4th millennium BC. Further evidence is from three gold chisels from the 3rd Millennium BC royal cemetery at Ur that had a surface of high gold (83%), low silver (9%) and copper (8%) compared with an ...
Carbon in pulp (CIP) is an extraction technique for recovery of gold which has been liberated into a cyanide solution as part of the gold cyanidation process. [1]Introduced in the early 1980s, Carbon in Pulp is regarded as a simple and cheap process.
Liquid–liquid extraction of chloroauric acid is used for the recovery, concentrating, purification, and analytical determinations of gold. Of great importance is the extraction of H[AuCl 4 ] from hydrochloric medium by oxygen-containing extractants, such as alcohols, ketones, ethers and esters.
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