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The strength of ships is a topic of key interest to naval architects and shipbuilders. Ships which are built too strong are heavy, slow, and cost extra money to build and operate since they weigh more, whilst ships which are built too weakly suffer from minor hull damage and in some extreme cases catastrophic failure and sinking.
Hogging is the stress a ship's hull or keel experiences that causes the center or the keel to bend upward. Sagging is the stress a ship's hull or keel is placed under when a wave is the same length as the ship and the ship is in the trough of two waves.
A deck is a permanent covering over a compartment or a hull [1] of a ship. On a boat or ship, the primary or upper deck is the horizontal structure that forms the "roof" of the hull, strengthening it and serving as the primary working surface. Vessels often have more than one level both within the hull and in the superstructure above the ...
A hull is the watertight body of a ship, boat, submarine, or flying boat. The hull may open at the top (such as a dinghy), or it may be fully or partially covered with a deck. Atop the deck may be a deckhouse and other superstructures, such as a funnel, derrick, or mast. The line where the hull meets the water surface is called the waterline.
In shipbuilding, the scantling refers to the collective dimensions of the framing [1] (apart from the keel) to which planks or plates are attached to form the hull. [2] The word is most often used in the plural to describe how much structural strength in the form of girders, I-beams, etc., is in a given section.
A girder (/ ˈ ɡ ɜːr d ər /) is a beam used in construction. [1] It is the main horizontal support of a structure which supports smaller beams. Girders often have an I-beam cross section composed of two load-bearing flanges separated by a stabilizing web, but may also have a box shape, Z shape, or other forms. Girders are commonly used to ...
Single hull, Double bottom, and Double hull ship cross sections. Green lines are watertight; black structure is not watertight. A double hull is a ship hull design and construction method where the bottom and sides of the ship have two complete layers of watertight hull surface: one outer layer forming the normal hull of the ship, and a second inner hull which is some distance inboard ...
The two-chine hull (B), with a flat bottom and nearly vertical sides, was the first hard-chine design to achieve widespread use. This design provides far more stability than the single-chine hull, with minimum draft and a large cargo capacity. These characteristics make the two-chine hull popular for punts, barges, and scows.