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Mustard gas or sulfur mustard are names commonly used for the organosulfur chemical compound bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, which has the chemical structure S(CH 2 CH 2 Cl) 2, as well as other species. In the wider sense, compounds with the substituents −SCH 2 CH 2 X or −N(CH 2 CH 2 X) 2 are known as sulfur mustards or nitrogen mustards ...
The idealized combustion of mustard gas in oxygen produces hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, in addition to carbon dioxide and water: (ClC 2 H 4) 2 S + 7 O 2 → 4 CO 2 + 2 H 2 O + 2 HCl + H 2 SO 4. Bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide reacts with sodium hydroxide, giving divinyl sulfide: (ClC 2 H 4) 2 S + 2 NaOH → (CH 2 =CH) 2 S + 2 H 2 O + 2 NaCl ...
Beginning in the early 1930s, scientists at Rawalpindi sent British Indian Army soldiers, wearing shorts and cotton shirts, into gas chambers to experience the effects of mustard gas. The scientists hoped to determine the appropriate dosage to use on battlefields. Many of the subjects suffered severe burns from their exposure to the gas. [4]
Although it is a colorless solid, impure samples are often brown. The compound is a type of mustard gas, a vesicant used as a chemical weapon. From the chemical perspective, the compound is both a thioether and an alkyl chloride. Because sesquimustard is a solid at room temperature, it is not as easily deployed as related liquid mustards.
2-Chloroethyl ethyl sulfide is the organosulfur compound with the formula C 2 H 5 SC 2 H 4 Cl. It is a colorless liquid. The compound is part of the family of vesicant compounds known as half mustards, has been heavily investigated because of its structural similarity to the sulfur mustard S(C 2 H 4 Cl) 2.
The use of troops to test nerve gas, psychochemicals, and thousands of other toxic chemical or biological substances. A failure to secure informed consent and other widespread failures to follow the precepts of U.S. and international law regarding the use of human subjects, including the 1953 Wilson Directive and the Nuremberg Code.
During experiments with ethylene and sulfur dichloride in 1860, Niemann produced mustard gas. He was among the first to document its toxic effects, [5] but he might have not been the first to synthesize it. [6] In 1860 and almost in parallel to Niemann, Frederick Guthrie reported the same reaction as Niemann. [5]
This chemical is a form of nitrogen mustard gas and a powerful vesicant. Historically, some uses of mechlorethamine have included lymphoid malignancies such as Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma, chronic myelocytic leukemia, polycythemia vera, and bronchogenic carcinoma [ 7 ] Mechlorethamine is often administered intravenously, [ 8 ] but when ...