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The generation of heat in large quantities accompanies most explosive chemical reactions. The exceptions are called entropic explosives and include organic peroxides such as acetone peroxide. [6] It is the rapid liberation of heat that causes the gaseous products of most explosive reactions to expand and generate high pressures. This rapid ...
An explosion is a type of spontaneous chemical reaction that, once initiated, is driven by both a large exothermic change (great release of heat) and a large positive entropy change (great quantities of gases are released) in going from reactants to products, thereby constituting a thermodynamically favorable process in addition to one that ...
Water-reactive substances [1] are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, often noted as generating flammable gas. [2] Some are highly reducing in nature. [3] Notable examples include alkali metals, lithium through caesium, and alkaline earth metals, magnesium through barium.
In technical terms, the reaction zone (chemical combustion) is a self-driven shock wave where the reaction zone and the shock are coincident, and the chemical reaction is initiated by the compressive heating caused by the shock wave. The process is similar to ignition in a Diesel engine, but much more sudden and violent.
There have been many extremely large explosions, accidental and intentional, caused by modern high explosives, boiling liquid expanding vapour explosions (BLEVEs), older explosives such as gunpowder, volatile petroleum-based fuels such as gasoline, and other chemical reactions. This list contains the largest known examples, sorted by date.
The chemical decomposition of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) may be an example of an entropic explosion. [1] It is not a thermochemically highly favored event because little energy is generated in chemical bond formation in reaction products, but rather involves an entropy burst, which is the result of formation of one ozone and three acetone ...
The result is in fact an exponential growth, thus giving rise to explosive increases in reaction rates, and indeed to chemical explosions themselves. This was the first proposal for the mechanism of chemical explosions. A quantitative chain chemical reaction theory was created later on by Soviet physicist Nikolay Semyonov in 1934. [3]
The cause was an explosion following a propane tank leak. [7] On March 1, 1965, the LaSalle Heights Disaster occurred when a gas line fractured in a low-cost residential neighborhood near Montreal, Quebec, killing 28 people and injuring dozens. On January 9, 1968, in Reading, Pennsylvania, an explosion killed nine persons and demolished two ...