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Rubble masonry or rubble stone is rough, uneven building stone not laid in regular courses. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It may fill the core of a wall which is faced with unit masonry such as brick or ashlar . Some medieval cathedral walls have outer shells of ashlar with an inner backfill of mortarless rubble and dirt.
Core-and-veneer, brick and rubble, wall and rubble, ashlar and rubble, and emplekton all refer to a building technique where two parallel walls are constructed and the core between them is filled with rubble or other infill, creating one thick wall. [1] Originally, and in later poorly constructed walls, the rubble was not consolidated.
Ashlar is in contrast to rubble masonry, which employs irregularly shaped stones, sometimes minimally worked or selected for similar size, or both. Ashlar is related but distinct from other stone masonry that is finely dressed but not quadrilateral, such as curvilinear and polygonal masonry. [3] [5]
Rubble masonry. Use of rubble in masonry: antonymous to ashlar masonry. Can be infill in an ashlar wall, used in cyclopean concrete, and other contexts. [4] The term is antonymous to "ashlar". Dry stone. Stone walls built without mortar, using the shape of the stones, compression, and friction for stability. [4]
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Polygonal masonry is a technique of stone wall construction. True polygonal masonry is a technique wherein the visible surfaces of the stones are dressed with straight sides or joints, giving the block the appearance of a polygon.
The stone work is predominantly ashlar, rubble, flint and has some Roman brick. The building has a central moulded hammerbeam roof with moulded, arched braces and is covered by red plain tiles. The tower has clock faces to the north and south walls. [1]
Flushwork, and flint architecture in general, is usually found in areas with no good local building stone. [1] Although the labour cost of creating flushwork was high, it was still cheaper than importing the large quantity of stone necessary to build or face the entire structure.