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  2. Thermodynamic system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_system

    The classification of thermodynamic systems arose with the development of thermodynamics as a science. Theoretical studies of thermodynamic processes in the period from the first theory of heat engines (Saadi Carnot, France, 1824) to the theory of dissipative structures (Ilya Prigozhin, Belgium, 1971) mainly concerned the patterns of ...

  3. Thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamics

    For systems that are initially far from thermodynamic equilibrium, though several have been proposed, there is known no general physical principle that determines the rates of approach to thermodynamic equilibrium, and thermodynamics does not deal with such rates.

  4. Laws of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_thermodynamics

    For example, when a machine (not a part of the system) lifts a system upwards, some energy is transferred from the machine to the system. The system's energy increases as work is done on the system and in this particular case, the energy increase of the system is manifested as an increase in the system's gravitational potential energy. Work ...

  5. Isolated system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolated_system

    Properties of Isolated, closed, and open systems in exchanging energy and matter. In physical science, an isolated system is either of the following: a physical system so far removed from other systems that it does not interact with them. a thermodynamic system enclosed by rigid immovable walls through which neither mass nor energy can pass.

  6. List of thermodynamic properties - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_thermodynamic...

    Systems do not contain work, but can perform work, and likewise, in formal thermodynamics, systems do not contain heat, but can transfer heat. Informally, however, a difference in the energy of a system that occurs solely because of a difference in its temperature is commonly called heat , and the energy that flows across a boundary as a result ...

  7. Second law of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamics

    [1] [2] [3] The second law of thermodynamics establishes the concept of entropy as a physical property of a thermodynamic system. It predicts whether processes are forbidden despite obeying the requirement of conservation of energy as expressed in the first law of thermodynamics and provides necessary criteria for spontaneous processes. For ...

  8. Chemical thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_thermodynamics

    The primary objective of chemical thermodynamics is the establishment of a criterion for determination of the feasibility or spontaneity of a given transformation. [3] In this manner, chemical thermodynamics is typically used to predict the energy exchanges that occur in the following processes: Chemical reactions; Phase changes; The formation ...

  9. Thermodynamic process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_process

    Classical thermodynamics considers three main kinds of thermodynamic processes: (1) changes in a system, (2) cycles in a system, and (3) flow processes. (1) A Thermodynamic process is a process in which the thermodynamic state of a system is changed. A change in a system is defined by a passage from an initial to a final state of thermodynamic ...