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A rice-fish system is a rice polyculture, a practice that integrates rice agriculture with aquaculture, most commonly with freshwater fish. It is based on a mutually beneficial relationship between rice and fish in the same agroecosystem .
Rice polyculture is the cultivation of rice and another crop simultaneously on the same land. The practice exploits the mutual benefit between rice and organisms such as fish and ducks: the rice supports pests which serve as food for the fish and ducks, while the animals' excrement serves as fertilizer for the rice.
In South-East Asia and China, rice-fish systems on rice paddies have raised freshwater fish as well as rice, producing a valuable additional crop and reducing eutrophication of neighbouring rivers. [26] Rice-duck farming is practised across tropical and subtropical Asia.
Chinese Rice Fish have been utilized in China and Asia for hundreds of years for rice farming. [6] This process allows the fish to provide protein to the rice, enhancing the food. It is proven that in the presence of rice fish, rice fields grow better, and the rice yield is increased by approximately 4–15%. [7]
Rice-duck farming is the polycultural practice of raising ducks and rice on the same land. It has existed in different forms for centuries in Asian countries including China, Indonesia, and the Philippines, sometimes also involving fish .
Freshwater fish ponds were likely first used sometime in the early 20th century, although there is history of small-scale rice-fish system use. Despite many species being introduced for farming, production remained limited due to competition with cropland and a cultural preference for marine fish. Oyster farming began in 1931. [11]
“Multiple knives used to cut fish were wedged between the wall and the ware wash sink.” Out on the shelves, a “package of white rice on the retail display shelf was found with live grain ...
The Japanese rice fish (O. latipes), also known as the medaka, is a popular model organism used in research in developmental biology. This species has traveled into space, where they have the distinction of being the first vertebrate to mate and produce healthy young in space. [6]