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Generic structure of acetals. In organic chemistry, an acetal is a functional group with the connectivity R 2 C(OR') 2. Here, the R groups can be organic fragments (a carbon atom, with arbitrary other atoms attached to that) or hydrogen, while the R' groups must be organic fragments not hydrogen. The two R' groups can be equivalent to each ...
In organic chemistry, an acetyl group is a functional group denoted by the chemical formula −COCH 3 and the structure −C(=O)−CH 3. It is sometimes represented by the symbol Ac [5] [6] (not to be confused with the element actinium). In IUPAC nomenclature, an acetyl group is called an ethanoyl group.
The polarized form of the water molecule, H + OH −, is also called hydron hydroxide by IUPAC nomenclature. [106] Water substance is a rare term used for H 2 O when one does not wish to specify the phase of matter (liquid water, water vapor, some form of ice, or a component in a mixture) though the term "water" is also used with this general ...
Along with the bent structure, this gives the molecule an electrical dipole moment and it is classified as a polar molecule. [94] Water is a good polar solvent, dissolving many salts and hydrophilic organic molecules such as sugars and simple alcohols such as ethanol.
Faucet dripping water. Structure of the water molecule (H 2 O) The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to water: Water – chemical substance with the chemical formula H 2 O. A water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds.
Shape of water molecule showing that the real bond angle 104.5° deviates from the ideal sp 3 angle of 109.5°. In chemistry, Bent's rule describes and explains the relationship between the orbital hybridization and the electronegativities of substituents. [1] [2] The rule was stated by Henry A. Bent as follows: [2]
Ethylene glycol protects a ketone (as an acetal) during an ester reduction, vs. unprotected reduction to a diol. A protecting group or protective group is introduced into a molecule by chemical modification of a functional group to obtain chemoselectivity in a subsequent chemical reaction. It plays an important role in multistep organic ...
Acetic anhydride, like most acid anhydrides, is a flexible molecule with a nonplanar structure. [4] The pi system linkage through the central oxygen offers very weak resonance stabilization compared to the dipole-dipole repulsion between the two carbonyl oxygens. The energy barriers to bond rotation between each of the optimal aplanar ...