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Vasodilation, also known as vasorelaxation, is the widening of blood vessels. [1] It results from relaxation of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls, in particular in the large veins , large arteries , and smaller arterioles . [ 2 ]
When the blood vessels suddenly relax, it results in vasodilation. In vasodilatory shock, the blood vessels are too relaxed leading to extreme vasodilation and blood pressure drops and blood flow becomes very low. Without enough blood pressure, blood and oxygen will not be pushed to reach the body's organs.
A nitrovasodilator is a pharmaceutical agent that causes vasodilation (widening of blood vessels) by donation of nitric oxide (NO), [1] and is mostly used for the treatment and prevention of angina pectoris. This group of drugs includes nitrates (esters of nitric acid), which are reduced to NO in the body, as well as some other substances.
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Like other β adrenergic agonists, they cause smooth muscle relaxation. β 2 adrenergic agonists' effects on smooth muscle cause dilation of bronchial passages, vasodilation in muscle and liver, relaxation of uterine muscle, and release of insulin. They are primarily used to treat asthma and other pulmonary disorders.
This cold-induced vasodilation increases blood flow and subsequently the temperature of the fingers. A new phase of vasoconstriction follows the vasodilation, after which the process repeats itself. [1] The hunting reaction is one out of four possible responses to immersion of the finger in cold water.
Vasodilation and vasoconstriction are also used antagonistically as methods of thermoregulation. [23] The size of blood vessels is different for each of them. It ranges from a diameter of about 30–25 millimeters for the aorta [24] to only about 5 micrometers (0,005 mm) for the capillaries. [25]
It does this by activating an enzyme found in the muscle cells of the blood vessels; this, in turn, signals the body to relax or widen blood vessels (a process called vasodilation), which lowers ...