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The mesothorax is the middle of the three segments of the thorax of hexapods, and bears the second pair of legs. Its principal sclerites (exoskeletal plates) are the mesonotum ( dorsal ), the mesosternum ( ventral ), and the mesopleuron ( lateral ) on each side.
It is formed by the prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax and comprises the scutellum; the cervix, a membrane that separates the head from the thorax; and the pleuron, a lateral sclerite of the thorax. In dragonflies and damselflies, the mesothorax and metathorax are fused together to form the synthorax. [1] [2]
The insect thorax has three segments: the prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax. The anterior segment, closest to the head, is the prothorax; its major features are the first pair of legs and the pronotum. The middle segment is the mesothorax; its major features are the second pair of legs and the anterior wings, if any.
The mesothorax is evolved to have more powerful muscles to propel moth or butterfly through the air, with the wing of said segment having a stronger vein structure. [ 33 ] : 560 The largest superfamily, Noctuidae , has the wings modified to act as tympanal or hearing organs [ 50 ] Modifications in the wing's venation include: [ 49 ]
The prothorax (T1) has a functional spiracle which is actually derived from the mesothorax (T2) while the metathorax has a reduced spiracle which is not externally open and lies beneath the cuticle. [ 59 ] : 114 The thoracic legs consist of coxa, trochanter, femur, tarsus, and claw and are constant in form throughout the order.
The first segment on the thorax anterior to the mesothorax. pterostigma (plural pterostigmata) The prominent cell, usually opaque and coloured, near the tip of each wing of the Odonata, on the anterior margin; also, more loosely, called stigma. pterothorax The meso- and metathorax of winged insects, that carries the two pairs of wings.
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The thorax consists of three segments – the hindmost two, the mesothorax and metathorax, being fused. Each segment bears a pair of legs which usually terminate in a single claw. The legs are robust and often clad in bristles, hairs or spines. Wing pads develop on the mesothorax, and in some species, hindwing pads develop on the metathorax. [5]