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has the Studentized range distribution for n groups and ν degrees of freedom. In applications, the x i are typically the means of samples each of size m, s 2 is the pooled variance, and the degrees of freedom are ν = n(m − 1). The critical value of q is based on three factors: α (the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis)
The studentized range distribution function arises from re-scaling the sample range R by the sample standard deviation s, since the studentized range is customarily tabulated in units of standard deviations, with the variable q = R ⁄ s. The derivation begins with a perfectly general form of the distribution function of the sample range, which ...
This q s test statistic can then be compared to a q value for the chosen significance level α from a table of the studentized range distribution. If the q s value is larger than the critical value q α obtained from the distribution, the two means are said to be significantly different at level α : 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 . {\displaystyle \ \alpha ...
The Q-statistic or q-statistic is a test statistic: The Box-Pierce test outputs a Q-statistic (uppercase) ... which follows the studentized range distribution
A word of caution is needed here: notations for Q and R are not the same throughout literature, where Q is sometimes denoted as the shortest significant interval, and R as the significant quantile for studentized range distribution (Duncan's 1955 paper uses both notations in different parts).
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In mathematics and statistics, Q-distribution or q-distribution may refer to: Q-function, the tail distribution function of the standard normal distribution; The studentized range distribution, which is the distribution followed by the q-statistic (lowercase Q; the Q-statistic with uppercase Q, from the Box-Pierce test or Ljung-Box test, follows the chi-squared distribution)
However, at 95% confidence, Q = 0.455 < 0.466 = Q table 0.167 is not considered an outlier. McBane [1] notes: Dixon provided related tests intended to search for more than one outlier, but they are much less frequently used than the r 10 or Q version that is intended to eliminate a single outlier.