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The black Seminole culture that took shape after 1800 was a dynamic mixture of African, Native American, Spanish, and slave traditions. Adopting certain practices of the Native Americans, maroons wore Seminole clothing and ate the same foodstuffs prepared the same way: they gathered the roots of a native plant called coontie, grinding, soaking, and straining them to make a starchy flour ...
As a result of the Second Seminole War (1835–1842), about 3,800 Seminoles and Black Seminoles were forcibly removed to Indian Territory (the modern state of Oklahoma). [50] During the American Civil War, the members and leaders split over their loyalties, with John Chupco refusing to sign a treaty with the Confederacy.
The U.S. began the Second Seminole War December 1835, with the expressed goal to find every Seminole village, destroy it, and send any living Seminole to Indian Territory. [6] The war's first battle was a successful Seminole raid on U.S. Army's Major Frances Dade's two companies of soldiers.
The battle (often called the Dade massacre) was an 1835 military defeat for the United States Army. [7] The U.S. attempted to force the Seminoles to move away from their land in Florida and relocate to Oklahoma Indian Territory. Instead, under the command of Major Francis L. Dade, consisting of 110 soldiers were ambushed by 180 Seminole ...
The battle (sometimes called the Dade massacre) was an 1835 military defeat for the United States Army and is often recognized as the beginning of the Second Seminole War. [8] The U.S. attempted to force the Seminoles to move away from their land in Florida and relocate to Indian Territory in Oklahoma.
1971–1979: Howard Tommie, [17] political leader and two-term chairman of Seminole Tribal Council who initiated programs in the 1970s, including accepting the U.S. land claim settlement; successfully negotiated with the State of Florida for water rights for the Seminole reservations, and establishment of tax-free smoke shops and high-stakes ...
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The Seminole Wars (also known as the Florida Wars) were a series of three military conflicts between the United States and the Seminoles that took place in Florida between about 1816 and 1858. The Seminoles are a Native American nation which coalesced in northern Florida during the early 1700s, when the territory was still a Spanish colonial ...