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The black Seminole culture that took shape after 1800 was a dynamic mixture of African, Native American, Spanish, and slave traditions. Adopting certain practices of the Native Americans, maroons wore Seminole clothing and ate the same foodstuffs prepared the same way: they gathered the roots of a native plant called coontie, grinding, soaking, and straining them to make a starchy flour ...
As a result of the Second Seminole War (1835–1842), about 3,800 Seminoles and Black Seminoles were forcibly removed to Indian Territory (the modern state of Oklahoma). [50] During the American Civil War, the members and leaders split over their loyalties, with John Chupco refusing to sign a treaty with the Confederacy.
This led the topic of race to be a constant narrative in the history of Oklahoma. The people continually struggled to understand citizenship. [2] Throughout the time period of reconstruction there were multiple black towns that were formed in the Indian territory. There were more black towns on the territory than anywhere else in the United States.
The battle (often called the Dade massacre) was an 1835 military defeat for the United States Army. [7] The U.S. attempted to force the Seminoles to move away from their land in Florida and relocate to Oklahoma Indian Territory. Instead, under the command of Major Francis L. Dade, consisting of 110 soldiers were ambushed by 180 Seminole ...
The Second Seminole War (1835–1842) began as a result of the United States unilaterally voiding the Treaty of Moultrie Creek and demanding that all Seminoles relocate to Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma under the Indian Removal Act (1830).
The battle (sometimes called the Dade massacre) was an 1835 military defeat for the United States Army and is often recognized as the beginning of the Second Seminole War. [8] The U.S. attempted to force the Seminoles to move away from their land in Florida and relocate to Indian Territory in Oklahoma.
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Its citizens are descendants of the approximately 3,000 Seminoles who were forcibly removed from Florida to Indian Territory, along with 800 Black Seminoles, after the Second Seminole War. The Seminole Nation of Oklahoma is headquartered in Wewoka within Seminole County, Oklahoma. Of 18,800 enrolled tribal citizens, 13,533 live in Oklahoma.