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  2. List of polymorphisms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_polymorphisms

    The female behaviour in choosing the host species is set by imprinting after birth, a common mechanism in bird behaviour. [32] [33] Ecologically, the system of multiple hosts protects host species from a critical reduction in numbers, and maximises the egg-laying capacity of the population of cuckoos.

  3. Non-Mendelian inheritance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Mendelian_inheritance

    In Mendelian inheritance, genes have only two alleles, such as a and A. Mendel consciously chose pairs of genetic traits, represented by two alleles for his inheritance experiments. In nature, such genes often exist in several different forms and are therefore said to have multiple alleles. An individual usually has only two copies of each gene ...

  4. Association mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_Mapping

    In family based association mapping instead of multiple unrelated individuals multiple unrelated families or pedigrees are used. The family-based association mapping [7] can be used in situations where the mutant alleles have been introgressed in populations. One popular family-based association mapping is the transmission disequilibrium test.

  5. Genotype - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genotype

    Genotype can also be used to refer to the alleles or variants an individual carries in a particular gene or genetic location. [2] The number of alleles an individual can have in a specific gene depends on the number of copies of each chromosome found in that species, also referred to as ploidy. In diploid species like humans, two full sets of ...

  6. Allele - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele

    An allele [1], or allelomorph, is a variant of the sequence of nucleotides at a particular location, or locus, on a DNA molecule. [2]Alleles can differ at a single position through single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), [3] but they can also have insertions and deletions of up to several thousand base pairs.

  7. Mendelian inheritance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelian_inheritance

    For example, Mendel focused on traits whose genes have only two alleles, such as "A" and "a". However, many genes have more than two alleles. He also focused on traits determined by a single gene. But some traits, such as height, depend on many genes rather than just one. Traits dependent on multiple genes are called polygenic traits.

  8. Phenotypic trait - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenotypic_trait

    For example, having eye color is a character of an organism, while blue, brown and hazel versions of eye color are traits. The term trait is generally used in genetics , often to describe phenotypic expression of different combinations of alleles in different individual organisms within a single population , such as the famous purple vs. white ...

  9. List of animal names - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_animal_names

    In the English language, many animals have different names depending on whether they are male, female, young, domesticated, or in groups. The best-known source of many English words used for collective groupings of animals is The Book of Saint Albans , an essay on hunting published in 1486 and attributed to Juliana Berners . [ 1 ]