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The classic example of a dehydration reaction is the Fischer esterification, which involves treating a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to give an ester RCO 2 H + R′OH ⇌ RCO 2 R′ + H 2 O. Often such reactions require the presence of a dehydrating agent, i.e. a substance that reacts with water.
In chemistry, a hydration reaction is a chemical reaction in which a substance combines with water. In organic chemistry, water is added to an unsaturated substrate, which is usually an alkene or an alkyne. This type of reaction is employed industrially to produce ethanol, isopropanol, and butan-2-ol. [1]
Vinyl ethers can be prepared by reaction of acetylene and alcohols in presence of a base. [8] Although enol ethers can be considered the ether of the corresponding enolates, they are not prepared by alkylation of enolates. Some enol ethers are prepared from saturated ethers by elimination reactions. [9] Ethyl vinyl ether is a potent anesthetic.
Unlike hydrogenation, these halogenation reactions do not require catalysts. The reaction occurs in two steps, with a halonium ion as an intermediate. Structure of a bromonium ion. Bromine test is used to test the saturation of hydrocarbons. [17] The bromine test can also be used as an indication of the degree of unsaturation for unsaturated ...
Tertiary alcohols react with strong acids to generate carbocations. The reaction is related to their dehydration, e.g. isobutylene from tert-butyl alcohol. A special kind of dehydration reaction involves triphenylmethanol and especially its amine-substituted derivatives. When treated with acid, these alcohols lose water to give stable ...
As alkenes can polymerize in somewhat straightforward radical reactions, they form useful compounds such as polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), [3] which are produced in high tonnages each year [3] due to their usefulness in manufacturing processes of commercial products, such as piping, insulation and packaging.
In the Koch reaction, the addition of water and carbon monoxide to alkenes or alkynes is catalyzed by strong acids. Hydrocarboxylations involve the simultaneous addition of water and CO. Such reactions are sometimes called "Reppe chemistry." HC≡CH + CO + H 2 O → CH 2 =CH−CO 2 H. Hydrolysis of triglycerides obtained from plant or animal oils.
With halogens to form an α-haloketone, a reaction that proceeds via an enol (see Haloform reaction) With heavy water to give an α-deuterated ketone; Fragmentation in photochemical Norrish reaction; Reaction of 1,4-aminodiketones to oxazoles by dehydration in the Robinson–Gabriel synthesis