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An anxiolytic (/ ˌ æ ŋ k s i ə ˈ l ɪ t ɪ k, ˌ æ ŋ k s i oʊ-/; also antipanic or anti-anxiety agent) [1] is a medication or other intervention that reduces anxiety.This effect is in contrast to anxiogenic agents which increase anxiety.
Barbituric acid, the parent structure of all barbiturates. Barbiturates [a] are a class of depressant drugs that are chemically derived from barbituric acid. [2] They are effective when used medically as anxiolytics, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants, but have physical and psychological addiction potential as well as overdose potential among other possible adverse effects.
The administration of hydroxyzine in large amounts by ingestion or intramuscular administration during the onset of pregnancy can cause fetal abnormalities. When administered to pregnant rats, mice, and rabbits, hydroxyzine caused abnormalities such as hypogonadism with doses significantly above that of the human therapeutic range.
Buspirone has no immediate anxiolytic effects, and hence has a delayed onset of action; its full clinical effectiveness may require 2–4 weeks to manifest itself. [21] The drug is similarly effective in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) to benzodiazepines including diazepam , alprazolam , lorazepam , and clorazepate . [ 3 ]
May potentiate the effects of general anaesthetics and anticoagulants, and prolong the action of neuromuscular blockers. May increase anticholinergic effects of atropine and drugs with anticholinergic activity. May increase risk of neurotoxicity when used with sibutramine or lithium. Avoid concurrent usage with drugs that cause QT prolongation ...
Meprobamate—marketed as Miltown by Wallace Laboratories and Equanil by Wyeth, among others—is a carbamate derivative used as an anxiolytic drug. It was the best-selling minor tranquilizer for a time, but has largely been replaced by the benzodiazepines due to their wider therapeutic index (lower risk of toxicity at therapeutically prescribed doses) and lower incidence of serious side effects.
Etifoxine, sold under the trade name Stresam among others, is a nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic agent, primarily indicated for short-term management of adjustment disorder, specifically instances of situational depression accompanied by anxiety, such as stress-induced anxiety.
Tofisopam [3] (Emandaxin, Grandaxin, Sériel) is an anxiolytic that is marketed in several European countries. [4] Chemically, it is a 2,3-benzodiazepine. Unlike other anxiolytic benzodiazepines (which are generally 1,4- or 1,5-substituted) however, tofisopam does not have anticonvulsant, sedative, [5] skeletal muscle relaxant, motor skill-impairing or amnestic [6] properties.