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In a significance test, the null hypothesis is rejected if the p-value is less than or equal to a predefined threshold value , which is referred to as the alpha level or significance level. α {\displaystyle \alpha } is not derived from the data, but rather is set by the researcher before examining the data.
[15] [16] But if the p-value of an observed effect is less than (or equal to) the significance level, an investigator may conclude that the effect reflects the characteristics of the whole population, [1] thereby rejecting the null hypothesis. [17] This technique for testing the statistical significance of results was developed in the early ...
The concentrations of nickel, copper, and zinc were less than 0.005, less than 0.04, and less than 0.02 milligrams per liter in the upper reaches and the lower reaches. The arsenic, cadmium, and lead concentrations were less than 0.005, less than 0.001, and less than 0.01 milligrams per liter both reaches. [2]
The Anderson–Darling test is a statistical test of whether a given sample of data is drawn from a given probability distribution.In its basic form, the test assumes that there are no parameters to be estimated in the distribution being tested, in which case the test and its set of critical values is distribution-free.
Spurious digits that arise from calculations resulting in a higher precision than the original data or a measurement reported with greater precision than the instrument's resolution. A zero after a decimal (e.g., 1.0) is significant, and care should be used when appending such a decimal of zero.
However, the names of all SI mass units are based on gram, rather than on kilogram; thus 10 3 kg is a megagram (10 6 g), not a *kilokilogram. The tonne (t) is an SI-compatible unit of mass equal to a megagram (Mg), or 10 3 kg. The unit is in common use for masses above about 10 3 kg and is often used with SI prefixes.
The same definition holds if the number is represented in another radix (that is, base of enumeration), rather than base 10. In base b a normalized number will have the form ± d 0 . d 1 d 2 d 3 ⋯ × b n , {\displaystyle \pm d_{0}.d_{1}d_{2}d_{3}\dots \times b^{n},}
The distance from the center of sora territories to a habitat edge was also significantly (p<0.005) less than from the center of Virginia rail territories. [21] In Arizona, habitat edges were closer to sora heavy use areas than random sites. [16] Wetland dynamics at a large scale can affect soras.