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The Social Democratic Party of Russia (SDPR; Russian: Социал-демократическая партия России; СДПР; Sotsial-demokraticheskaya partiya Rossii, SDPR) was a political party founded in Russia by Mikhail Gorbachev on November 26, 2001. The first name of the party was Social Democratic Party of Russia (United).
The party was officially registered on May 29, 2000 [7] In 2001, the Party of Social Democracy (PSD) of the Governor of the Samara Region Konstantin Titov joined the initiative of Mikhail Gorbachev. The design and estimate documentation was created by one of the former architects of perestroika (now deceased) A.N. Yakovlev, who switched to ...
The Independent Democratic Party of Russia (НДПР, IDPR or NDPR; Russian: Независимая демократическая партия России, romanized: Nezavisimaya demokraticheskaya partiya Rossii) was the proposed name of a liberal party that was announced in late September 2008 to be founded by the former General Secretary of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, and State ...
Amid a growth in Russian nationalist sentiment, Gorbachev had reluctantly allowed the formation of a Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic as a branch of the larger Soviet Communist Party. Gorbachev attended its first congress in June, but soon found it dominated by hardliners who opposed his reformist stance. [361]
Gorbachev was happy with the result, describing it as "an enormous political victory under extraordinarily difficult circumstances". [157] The new Congress convened in May 1989. [ 158 ] Gorbachev was then elected its chair—the new de facto head of state—with 2,123 votes in favor to 87 against. [ 159 ]
Perestroika (/ ˌ p ɛr ə ˈ s t r ɔɪ k ə / PERR-ə-STROY-kə; Russian: перестройка, IPA: [pʲɪrʲɪˈstrojkə] ⓘ) [1] was a political reform movement within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s, widely associated with CPSU general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning "transparency") policy reform.
Demokratizatsiya (Russian: демократизация, IPA: [dʲɪməkrətʲɪˈzatsɨjə], democratization) was a slogan introduced by CPSU General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev in January 1987 calling for the infusion of "democratic" elements into the Soviet Union's single-party government. Gorbachev's Demokratizatsiya meant the introduction ...
The General Secretary, Mikhail Gorbachev, declared in his opening speech that political reform was the key issue. [2] [3] Gorbachev wanted to achieve the "democratization of the life of the state and society", and wanted the Soviet Union to "move along the path of the creation of a socialist state under the rule of law".