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The Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) includes five features (or criteria) in its definition of "sustainable sanitation": Systems need to be economically and socially acceptable, technically and institutionally appropriate and protect the environment and natural resources. [44]
The compliance level for 517 completed household sanitation projects was 0% – that is, none of the completed household sanitation projects complied with policy requirements, norms and standards. [81] 27% of 11,735 handpumps were found to be non-functional in 2000 [11] At any time, approximately 50% of handpumps are not working (2000). [82]
The serious effects of unimproved water supply and sanitation on health and human dignity underscore the importance of global initiatives such as the UN Millennium Development Goals, which aimed to halve "the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation". [35]
Almost 80% of disease in developing countries is caused by poor water quality and other water-related issues that cause deadly health conditions such as cholera, malaria, and diarrhea. [1] It is estimated that diarrhea takes the lives of 1.5 million children every year, majority of which are under the age of five. [2] [3]
This is in part because pollution causes so many diseases that it is often difficult to draw a straight line between cause and effect. There are many types of pollution-related diseases, including those caused by air pollution, contaminated soil, water pollution and lacking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Air pollution can be reduced.
The "healthspan-lifespan gap" was largest in the U.S., as Americans live in poor health for an average of 12.4 years, compared to 10.9 years in 2000.
A pooled analysis of the limited number of studies on sanitation interventions suggest that improving sanitation has a protective effect on health. [ 70 ] [ 66 ] A UNICEF funded sanitation intervention (packaged into a broader WASH intervention) was also found to have a protective effect on under-five diarrhea incidence but not on household ...
Factors such as poor maintenance due to limited financial resources, pollution and poor sanitation sometimes due to limited financial resources. When wells are built and water sanitation facilities are developed, sometimes water quality testing is not performed as often as is necessary, and lack of education among the people utilizing the water ...