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Katsudō Shashin. Katsudō Shashin consists of a series of cartoon images on fifty frames of a celluloid strip and lasts three seconds at sixteen frames per second. [1] It depicts a young boy in a sailor suit who writes the kanji characters "活動写真" (katsudō shashin, "moving picture" or "Activity photo") from right to left, then turns to the viewer, removes his hat, and bows. [1]
In the traditional animation process, animators will begin by drawing sequences of animation on sheets of transparent paper perforated to fit the peg bars in their desks, often using colored pencils, one picture or "frame" at a time. [3] A peg bar is an animation tool used in traditional animation to keep the drawings in place.
The animators' drawings are traced or photocopied onto transparent acetate sheets called cels, [59] which are filled in with paints in assigned colors or tones on the side opposite the line drawings. [60] The completed character cels are photographed one-by-one against a painted background by a rostrum camera onto motion picture film. [61]
A cel, short for celluloid, is a transparent sheet on which objects are drawn or painted for traditional, hand-drawn animation. Actual celluloid (consisting of cellulose nitrate and camphor) was used during the first half of the 20th century. Since it was flammable and dimensionally unstable, celluloid was largely replaced by cellulose acetate.
The frame speed data and extra animation frames are stored in extra chunks (as provided for by the original PNG specification). APNG competed with Multiple-image Network Graphics (MNG), a comprehensive format for bitmapped animations which was created by the same team as PNG and is obsolete.
Simple graphics, line drawings, cartoons, and grey-scale photographs typically need fewer than 256 colors. Each frame can designate one index as a "transparent background color": any pixel assigned this index takes on the color of the pixel in the same position from the background, which may have been determined by a previous frame of animation.
Eberflus acknowledged that the Bears did a poor job of blocking, but believes that the Packers made illegal contact with long snapper Scott Daly on the play and wants the NFL to take a second look.
Frames 2–4 are smear frames, those being elongated inbetweens. In animation, a smear frame is a frame used to simulate motion blur. Smear frames are used in between key frames. [1] This animation technique has been used since the 1940s. [1] Smear frames are used to stylistically visualize fast movement along a path of motion. [2] [3] [4]