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The Allegheny Plateau (/ ˌ æ l ɪ ˈ ɡ eɪ n i / AL-ig-AY-nee) is a large dissected plateau area of the Appalachian Mountains in western and central New York, northern and western Pennsylvania, northern and western West Virginia, and eastern Ohio. It is divided into the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau and the glaciated Allegheny Plateau.
A 1775 map of the Allegheny Plateau and Mountain Range. Trans-Allegheny travel had been facilitated when a military trail—Braddock Road—was blazed and opened by the Ohio Company in 1751. (It followed an earlier Indian and pioneer trail known as Nemacolin's Path.)
Map of the Allegheny Plateau. The gray line differentiates the glaciated (northern) and unglaciated (southern) sections of the plateau. The unglaciated plateau extends southwestward into eastern Kentucky and Tennessee, where it is called the Cumberland Plateau. Canisteo River Valley from Pinnacle State Park.
The Allegheny Front forms part of the Appalachian Structural Front, separating the Appalachian Plateau from the Appalachians' Ridge and Valley Province. [1] The various other escarpments along this structural feature include the Catskill Escarpment to the northeast and the Cumberland Escarpment to the southwest. [1]
The Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau is located in an arc around southeastern Ohio, West Virginia, into western Pennsylvania and a small portion of southwestern New York State. This area is a dissected plateau , characterized by sandstone , shale , and many coal seams.
The Western Allegheny Plateau ecoregion is located on the western Allegheny Plateau, which is within the central region of the Appalachian Plateau. [3] [4]The World Wildlife Fund defines the ecoregion as being the northern part of the Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests.
Today the Allegheny Plateau is known for black cherry, maple and other hardwoods, but two hundred years ago these species were less numerous.Today's forest is largely the result of two things: the exploitation of timber at the turn of the 20th century and being managed by the Forest Service since 1923.
The Allegheny Ridge is prominently shown in the map center-left, the gaps of the Allegheny Front are located in the border area between Cambria County (uplands) and Huntingdon County (lowlands). USGS - Appalachians Mountain chain showing the lines of the barrier ridges in central, western, and northwestern Pennsylvania.