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However, a transformer may include a tap changer on each winding if there are advantages to do so. For example, in power distribution networks, a large step-down transformer may have an off-load tap changer on the primary winding and an on load automatic tap changer on the secondary winding or windings. The high voltage tap is set to match long ...
Both linear spacing and power-of-two-style Vernier spacing can be employed in establishing the tap positions, e.g., a four-tap transformer can provide taps at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 (linear) or 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 (Vernier). (The limitations of the Vernier—in this case, that the maximum obtainable amplitude is 0.9375—are less ...
Transformers designed for below-grade installation can be designed for periodic submersion in water. [14] Distribution transformers may include an off-load tap changer, which slightly adjusts the ratio between primary and secondary voltage to bring the customer's voltage within the desired range on long or heavily loaded lines. [citation needed]
Automatic on-load tap changers are used in electric power transmission or distribution, on equipment such as arc furnace transformers, or for automatic voltage regulators for sensitive loads. Audio-frequency transformers, used for the distribution of audio to public address loudspeakers, have taps to allow adjustment of impedance to each speaker.
In a step-up transformer, conversely, the load is attached across the full winding while the source is connected to a tap across a portion of the winding. For a step-up transformer, the subscripts in the above equations are reversed where, in this situation, N 2 {\displaystyle N_{2}} and V 2 {\displaystyle V_{2}} are greater than N 1 ...
a load tap changer (LTC) at the substation transformer, which changes the turns ratio in response to load current and thereby adjusts the voltage supplied at the sending end of the feeder; voltage regulators , which are essentially transformers with tap changers to adjust the voltage along the feeder, so as to compensate for the voltage drop ...
Production of series of 250 MVA autotransformers rated for power up to and the transformers up to 400 MVA, 330 kV; Production of the first three-phase autotransformer 250 MVA, 500 kV, equipped with in-built on-load tap changer; Production of the first converter transformer 90 MVA for DC transmission line ± 400 kV, Volgograd – Donbas
Ferro-resonant transformers run hotter than standard power transformers, because regulating action depends on core saturation, which reduces efficiency. The output waveform is heavily distorted unless careful measures are taken to prevent this. Saturating transformers provide a simple rugged method to stabilize an AC power supply.
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