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The processing quality of 12-bit images is considered high when the PSNR value is 60 dB or higher. [3] [4] For 16-bit data typical values for the PSNR are between 60 and 80 dB. [5] [6] Acceptable values for wireless transmission quality loss are considered to be about 20 dB to 25 dB. [7] [8]
The peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is the peak amplitude squared (giving the peak power) divided by the RMS value squared (giving the average power). [1] It is the square of the crest factor. When expressed in decibels , crest factor and PAPR are equivalent, due to the way decibels are calculated for power ratios vs amplitude ratios .
Peak-to-peak amplitude (abbreviated p–p or PtP or PtoP) is the change between peak (highest amplitude value) and trough (lowest amplitude value, which can be negative). With appropriate circuitry, peak-to-peak amplitudes of electric oscillations can be measured by meters or by viewing the waveform on an oscilloscope .
Assuming a full-scale sine wave signal (that is, the quantizer is designed such that it has the same minimum and maximum values as the input signal), the quantization noise approximates a sawtooth wave with peak-to-peak amplitude of one quantization level [11] and uniform distribution. In this case, the SNR is approximately
Various properties of ripple voltage may be important depending on application: the equation of the ripple for Fourier analysis to determine the constituent harmonics; the peak (usually peak-to-peak) value of the voltage; the root mean square (RMS) value of the voltage which is a component of power transmitted; the ripple factor γ, the ratio ...
A potential for ambiguity exists when assigning a level on the dBFS scale to a waveform rather than to a specific amplitude, because some engineers follow the mathematical definition of RMS, which for sinusoidal signals is 3 dB below the peak value, while others choose the reference level so that RMS and peak measurements of a sine wave produce ...
Numbers from Morningstar indicate this stock's current price-to-book value is in the ballpark of 1.5, while its trailing price-to-earnings ratio (based on non-GAAP income) is just a little under 9.
The response factor can be expressed on a molar, volume or mass [1] basis. Where the true amount of sample and standard are equal: = where A is the signal (e.g. peak area) and the subscript i indicates the sample and the subscript st indicates the standard. [2]