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  2. Field research - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_research

    In biology, field research typically involves studying of free-living wild animals in which the subjects are observed in their natural habitat, without changing, harming, or materially altering the setting or behavior of the animals under study. Field research is an indispensable part of biological science.

  3. Fieldnotes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldnotes

    A page of Robert H. Gibbs Jr.'s field notebook. Fieldnotes refer to qualitative notes recorded by scientists or researchers in the course of field research, during or after their observation of a specific organism or phenomenon they are studying. The notes are intended to be read as evidence that gives meaning and aids in the understanding of ...

  4. IMRAD - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMRAD

    In scientific writing, IMRAD or IMRaD (/ ˈ ɪ m r æ d /) (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) [1] is a common organizational structure for the format of a document. IMRaD is the most prominent norm for the structure of a scientific journal article of the original research type.

  5. Outline of academic disciplines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_academic...

    An academic discipline or field of study is a branch of knowledge, taught and researched as part of higher education.A scholar's discipline is commonly defined by the university faculties and learned societies to which they belong and the academic journals in which they publish research.

  6. Academic writing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_writing

    Academic style has often been criticized for being too full of jargon and hard to understand by the general public. [11] [12] In 2022, Joelle Renstrom argued that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on academic writing and that many scientific articles now "contain more jargon than ever, which encourages misinterpretation, political spin, and a declining public trust in the ...

  7. Research design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_design

    Research design refers to the overall strategy utilized to answer research questions. A research design typically outlines the theories and models underlying a project; the research question(s) of a project; a strategy for gathering data and information; and a strategy for producing answers from the data. [ 1 ]

  8. Scientific journal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_journal

    Publishing research results is an essential part of helping science to advance. [14] If scientists are describing experiments or calculations, they should also explain how they did them so that an independent researcher could repeat the experiment or calculation to verify the results, or so that they could evaluate whatever the research article ...

  9. Scientific literature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_literature

    Researchers submit their work to reputable journals or conferences, where it undergoes rigorous evaluation by experts in the field. This evaluation, known as peer review, ensures the quality, validity, and reliability of the research before it becomes part of the scientific literature. Peer-reviewed publications contribute significantly to ...